{"id":16243,"date":"2026-05-27T14:26:46","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T06:26:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rysilicone.com\/?p=16243"},"modified":"2026-05-27T16:38:15","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T08:38:15","slug":"properties-of-silicone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rysilicone.com\/tr\/properties-of-silicone\/","title":{"rendered":"Silikon Kau\u00e7u\u011fun \u00d6zellikleri: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Malzeme K\u0131lavuzu"},"content":{"rendered":"

"Silikonun \u00f6zellikleri" ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalelerin \u00e7o\u011fu ansiklopedi maddesi gibi okunuyor: Si-O omurgas\u0131, esneklik \u00fczerine bir paragraf, \u0131s\u0131 direnci \u00fczerine bir paragraf, hepsi bu. Bu, bir kal\u0131p fiyat teklifini onaylaman\u0131z veya bitmi\u015f par\u00e7an\u0131n teknik \u00f6zelliklerini yazman\u0131z gerekti\u011finde hi\u00e7 yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Silikon kau\u00e7uk, Si-O-Si omurgas\u0131na sahip, -60 \u00b0C ile +230 \u00b0C aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Shore A 10-80 sertli\u011finde bulunan, ~25 kV\/mm'ye kadar elektriksel yal\u0131t\u0131m sa\u011flayan ve \u00e7o\u011fu polar ortama kar\u015f\u0131 kimyasal olarak inert olan sentetik bir elastomerdir. Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya performans\u0131, form\u00fclasyon s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 (HTV vs LSR), k\u00fcrleme sistemi (peroksit vs platin) ve uygunluk sertifikas\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.FDA 21 CFR 177.2600<\/a>, LFGB \u00a730\/\u00a731<\/a>, USP S\u0131n\u0131f VI<\/a>, ISO 10993<\/a>).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu, m\u00fchendisler ve sat\u0131n alma sorumlular\u0131yla kal\u0131plar hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeden \u00f6nce onlara verdi\u011fim \u00f6zellik referans\u0131d\u0131r. Katalog spesifikasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu, kaliteye ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu ve \u00fcretimde nelerin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Fiziksel \u00d6zellikler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 Yo\u011funluk ve A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Silikon yo\u011funlu\u011fu \u015fu seviyededir: 1,10\u20131,25 g\/cm\u00b3<\/strong>, Bu durum \u00e7o\u011funlukla dolgu maddesi y\u00fcklemesinden (f\u00fcme veya \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f silika) kaynaklan\u0131r. Daha y\u00fcksek dolgu maddesi y\u00fcklemesi \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r ancak \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uzamay\u0131 azalt\u0131r. Silikon suda y\u00fczmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malzeme<\/strong><\/th>Yo\u011funluk (g\/cm\u00b3)<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
EPDM<\/td>0,86\u20130,90<\/td><\/tr>
Do\u011fal kau\u00e7uk<\/td>0,91\u20130,93<\/td><\/tr>
Silikon kau\u00e7uk<\/td>1.10\u20131.25<\/td><\/tr>
PVC<\/td>1.20\u20131.55<\/td><\/tr>
Florosilikon (FVMQ)<\/td>1.40\u20131.60<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, hacimli par\u00e7alar\u0131n (paspaslar, levhalar, f\u0131r\u0131n astarlar\u0131) nakliye maliyeti ve kald\u0131rma kuvvetine duyarl\u0131 kullan\u0131mlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Malzeme baz\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z. Silikon vs Plastik<\/a>, PVC ve Silikon<\/a>, Ve Silikon vs Kau\u00e7uk<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 Renk ve \u015eeffafl\u0131k<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Temel silikon sak\u0131z\u0131 yar\u0131 saydamd\u0131r. Platinle k\u00fcrlenen \u00e7e\u015fitler su berrakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kal\u0131r; peroksitle k\u00fcrlenen \u00e7e\u015fitler ise eser miktarda kataliz\u00f6r kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle sar\u0131ms\u0131 beyaza do\u011fru e\u011filim g\u00f6sterir. Pigment, sonradan eklenmez, de\u011firmen veya bile\u015fim a\u015famas\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UV ve \u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda renk stabilitesi silikonun kendisinden ziyade pigment se\u00e7imine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Demir oksit pigmentli par\u00e7alar 1000 saatten fazla d\u0131\u015f mekan maruziyetinden sonra ton de\u011fi\u015ftirir; kadmiyum bazl\u0131 pigmentler RoHS uyumlulu\u011funu kar\u015f\u0131lamaz ve ULA\u015eMAK<\/a> do\u011frudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1.3 Sertlik (Shore A)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Silikon tedarikinde en s\u0131k yanl\u0131\u015f s\u0131ralanan \u00f6zellik Shore A'd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131y\u0131 A<\/strong><\/th>Hissetmek<\/strong><\/th>Tipik kullan\u0131m<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
10\u201320<\/td>Jel benzeri<\/td>Ciltle temas eden giyilebilir cihazlar, protez astarlar\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
20\u201330<\/td>Yumu\u015fak, bebekler i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli<\/td>Emzikler, di\u015f ka\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar, adet kaplar\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
30\u201350<\/td>Standart \u201cyumu\u015fak\u201d<\/td>Contalar, ke\u00e7eler, y\u00fczme ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
50\u201370<\/td>Firma<\/td>Spatula saplar\u0131, tu\u015f tak\u0131mlar\u0131, f\u0131r\u0131n kal\u0131plar\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
70\u201380<\/td>Kat\u0131<\/td>End\u00fcstriyel contalar, yap\u0131sal par\u00e7alar<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sertlik, birim ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. ASTM D2240<\/a><\/strong> 1 saniyelik girinti bekleme s\u00fcresiyle. ISO 48-4 bekleme kurallar\u0131 farkl\u0131 rakamlar veriyor. Sipari\u015f formunda test y\u00f6ntemini belirtin, aksi takdirde hedef de\u011ferden 5-8 Shore puan sapma g\u00f6steren par\u00e7alar al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z ve hi\u00e7bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolunuz olmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sertli\u011fin s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k performans\u0131, dokunma hissi ve a\u015f\u0131nma \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fi hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z. Silikon Shore A Sertli\u011fi: Dokunma Hissi, S\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k ve Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k \u00dczerindeki Etkileri<\/a> Ve Silikonun Shore Sertli\u011fi Neden \u00d6nemli?<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Mekanik \u00d6zellikler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u00c7ekme Mukavemeti ve Uzama<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 silikon ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 4,5\u201310 MPa \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong> Ve 200\u2013800% kopma uzamas\u0131<\/strong> ASTM D412 \/ ISO 37 standartlar\u0131na uygun olarak \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fcksek y\u0131rt\u0131lma dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip kaliteler, \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 10\u201312 MPa'ya kadar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EPDM (15\u201320 MPa) veya do\u011fal kau\u00e7uk (20\u201330 MPa) ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda silikon mekanik olarak zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Silikon, \u00e7ekme y\u00fck\u00fc i\u00e7in tercih edilmez. S\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, biyouyumluluk ve geri kazan\u0131m \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle tercih edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir al\u0131c\u0131 "silikon ne kadar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131yabilir?" diye sordu\u011funda, cevap her zaman \u015fudur: Bu, silikonun kendisinden de\u011fil, geometrisinden kaynaklan\u0131r. Bak\u0131n\u0131z. Silikon ne kadar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131yabilir?<\/a> Geometri matemati\u011fi i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 Y\u0131rt\u0131lma Direnci<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Y\u0131rt\u0131lma dayan\u0131m\u0131: 9\u201355 kN\/m<\/strong> ASTM D624 Kal\u0131p B uyar\u0131nca, S\u0131v\u0131 Silikon Kau\u00e7uk (LSR), platin k\u00fcrleme y\u00f6ntemiyle daha yo\u011fun bir \u00e7apraz ba\u011f a\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu i\u00e7in HTV'den daha temiz bir \u015fekilde y\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131r. Bu nedenle t\u0131bbi balonlar, bebek emzik u\u00e7lar\u0131 ve adet kaplar\u0131 neredeyse her zaman LSR'den yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma Seti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ASTM D395 standard\u0131na g\u00f6re (175 \u00b0C'de 22 saat) s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kal\u0131c\u0131 deformasyonu \u015fu de\u011ferdedir: 5\u201330%<\/strong>. Daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011fer daha iyidir; bu, contan\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreli s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan sonra ne kadar eski haline d\u00f6nmedi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Platin k\u00fcrlemeli silikon 8\u201315% de\u011ferine ula\u015f\u0131r. Peroksit k\u00fcrlemeli \u00e7e\u015fitler ise ikincil son k\u00fcrlemeden \u00f6nce 20\u201330% de\u011ferindedir ve 200 \u00b0C'de 4 saatlik son k\u00fcrlemeden sonra ~15%'ye d\u00fc\u015fer. Bunun bedelini i\u015flem s\u00fcresi ve enerji maliyeti olarak \u00f6dersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Termal \u00d6zellikler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Katalog yan\u0131t\u0131: -60 \u00b0C ila +230 \u00b0C s\u00fcrekli<\/strong>. Demir oksit ile stabilize edilmi\u015f kaliteler, k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli dayan\u0131m\u0131 300 \u00b0C'ye kadar uzat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fabrika \u00fcretim hatt\u0131ndan gelen cevap \u015fu: Silikon, \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rda felaket bir \u015fekilde bozulmaz; sertle\u015fir, uzama \u00f6zelli\u011fini kaybeder ve y\u00fczeyinde \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015fur. Bir f\u0131r\u0131n mat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak 230 \u00b0C'de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rsan\u0131z, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kal\u0131c\u0131 deformasyonu 6-8 hafta sonra artar. M\u00fc\u015fteri \u015fikayetleri ilk g\u00fcn de\u011fil, 3. ayda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z. Silikonun Erime S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Marvel<\/a> \u2014 Silikon erimez; yakla\u015f\u0131k 350-400 \u00b0C'de inorganik silikaya ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 Is\u0131 \u0130letkenli\u011fi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

0,18\u20130,30 W\/m\u00b7K<\/strong> Dolgusuz silikon i\u00e7in. Is\u0131 iletkenli\u011fi y\u00fcksek kaliteler (bor nitr\u00fcr, al\u00fcmina veya \u00e7inko oksit ile y\u00fcklenmi\u015f) 1,5\u20133,0 W\/m\u00b7K de\u011ferlerine ula\u015f\u0131r ve LED aral\u0131k pedlerinde ve elektrikli ara\u00e7 batarya termal aray\u00fcz malzemelerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Standart silikon, ah\u015faba benzer \u015fekilde \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu nedenle silikon f\u0131r\u0131n eldivenleri i\u015fe yarar ve dolgusuz silikonu \u0131s\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullanamazs\u0131n\u0131z. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7in... Silikonun Is\u0131 \u0130letkenli\u011fi<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 Yan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Standart silikon \u015funlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r: UL94 V-1<\/a><\/strong> Alev geciktirici bile\u015fikler, platin veya hidrat dolgu maddeleriyle birlikte V-0 derecesine ula\u015f\u0131r. Silikon yand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, iletken olmayan silika k\u00fcl\u00fc b\u0131rak\u0131r; bu nedenle silikon kablo k\u0131l\u0131flar\u0131, y\u00fcksek binalar\u0131n acil durum devreleri ve denizcilik kablolamas\u0131 i\u00e7in tercih edilir. Bkz. Silikon Yan\u0131c\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Elektriksel \u00d6zellikler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Silikon, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131nda dielektrik performans\u0131n\u0131 koruyan az say\u0131daki elastomerden biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fclk<\/strong><\/th>Tipik aral\u0131k<\/strong><\/th>Test y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Hacimsel diren\u00e7<\/td>10\u00b9\u2074\u201310\u00b9\u2076 \u03a9\u00b7cm<\/td>ASTM D257<\/td><\/tr>
Dielektrik dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/td>17\u201325 kV\/mm<\/td>ASTM D149<\/td><\/tr>
Dielektrik sabiti (1 MHz)<\/td>2.8\u20133.5<\/td>ASTM D150<\/td><\/tr>
Ark direnci<\/td>>120 saniye<\/td>ASTM D495<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pratik nokta: PVC izolasyon 90 \u00b0C'nin \u00fczerinde yumu\u015far, silikon ise 200 \u00b0C'nin \u00fczerinde dielektrik dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 korur. Kal\u0131nl\u0131k-gerilim se\u00e7imi i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z. Silikon Levhalar\u0131n Dielektrik Dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve Derecelendirmeleri<\/a> Ve Silikon Levhalar Elektrik Yal\u0131t\u0131m Katman\u0131 Kal\u0131nl\u0131k Se\u00e7enekleri<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karbon veya g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f y\u00fckl\u00fc iletken silikon bu aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 tamamen tersine \u00e7evirir; y\u00fczey direnci 10\u2070\u201310\u00b2 \u03a9\/sq'ye d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu farkl\u0131 bir malzemedir; bak\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130letken ve \u0130letken Olmayan Silikon Tu\u015f Tak\u0131mlar\u0131<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Kimyasal \u00d6zellikler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

5.1 Atalet ve Diren\u00e7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Silikon a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddelere kar\u015f\u0131 kimyasal olarak dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n