{"id":15542,"date":"2026-01-23T11:03:17","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T03:03:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rysilicone.com\/?p=15542"},"modified":"2026-04-07T15:21:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T07:21:43","slug":"silicone-vulcanization-what-engineers-get-wrong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rysilicone.com\/vi\/silicone-vulcanization-what-engineers-get-wrong\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u h\u00f3a silicon: Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u h\u00f3a silicon l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn gi\u00fap li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c polyme silicon th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau l\u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110a s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u h\u00f3a silicon v\u00ec h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec h\u1ecd coi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t... h\u00e0nh vi quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ngang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u00e3n, x\u00ea d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sinh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u0110\u00f3ng n\u1eafp m\u00e1y \u00e9p phun silicon th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sai l\u1ea7m 1: Coi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u00e0 "\u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t" khi th\u00e1o khu\u00f4n.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1o khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u00e9p phun, ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng mong mu\u1ed1n. s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/strong>, Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau khi khu\u00f4n m\u1edf ra \u2014 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng peroxide v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Shore t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • B\u1ed9 n\u00e9n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c<\/em> T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea5u \u0111i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1edb k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n sau khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh linh ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ecd \u0111o th\u1eddi gian 24 gi\u1edd, ch\u1ed1t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S\u00e1u th\u00e1ng sau, h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u2014v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p v\u00ec chu k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sai l\u1ea7m 2: Cho r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00ec m\u00e1y \u00e9p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    M\u00e1y \u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e9p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u khoang, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng chi ti\u1ebft, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n qua silicone. Silicone kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1eaby nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00e2m th\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u khoang, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khoang<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n x\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • M\u1ed9t khoang \u0111\u1ea1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng n\u00e9n trong khi khoang kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e0n \u00e9p v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0... S\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean trong ch\u00ednh silicon.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu s\u1edbm th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c \u1edf r\u00eca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng \u1edf trung t\u00e2m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 sau\u2014khi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Sai l\u1ea7m 3: Tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh di\u1ec5n ra tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      T\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c gia nhi\u1ec7t th\u00eam s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ngang v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Oxy h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • T\u00ednh gi\u00f2n b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb "ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1eafc \u0103n".\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng do l\u00e3o h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        T\u00ednh phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5<\/strong>, Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00ec b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u00ednh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc silicon th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"
        L\u00f2 s\u1ea5y kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u00f9ng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd sau \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn silicone.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        Sai l\u1ea7m 4: Coi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1eadu x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4 ch\u1ecdn.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Sau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. L\u00f2 nung ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i s\u1ebd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi l\u00f2 nung th\u01b0a th\u1edbt\u2014ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f9ng \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Theo th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n